A tweet from Jay Bilas, an ESPN broadcaster and advocate for student-athlete compensation. This tweet shows easy, effective ways to begin letting athletes earn money for their efforts.
An infographic describing the work that a student-athlete must put in behind-the-scenes. It illustrates effectively the amount of schoolwork these athletes must balance along with their professionalized sports
An image of the 2017 Final Four. The NCAA signed an $8 billion extension with CBS for TV rights in 2016, while the players don’t even see a minute fraction of the immense revenue from TV deals, ticket sales, etc.
The world of college athletics is a big business, generating over $1 billion in the 2017 fiscal year. It was the first time the NCAA surpassed $1 billion in a single year (Axson). Prominent figures in the industry reap the rewards from this. A vast amount of Division-I football and basketball head coaches make salaries of the same caliber. In 2019, the highest-paid college basketball coach was John Calipari of the University of Kentucky, who made just over $9 million. The 69 highest paid college basketball coaches all had salaries of at least $1 million, many with bonus opportunities exceeding $1 million. College football tells a similar story, with the top 82 coaches having salaries surpassing $1 million with Nick Saban earning the most money per year at just over $8 million. All of this is occurring, while student-athletes, who are by federal law full-time employees from their competition, are not compensated fairly. A study in 2012 found that the average University of Texas football player was worth $578,000 to the school, which is fifteen times more than the scholarship they receive of about $37,000. Student-athletes should have the ability to receive compensation for their efforts in competition because with the money universities bring in from athletics annually, the payment returned to these athletes for their primary efforts in obtaining that revenue are not met equally or fairly.
There isn’t much justification from the NCAA for these athletes not being able to receive compensation, other than compromising their amateur status, and the potential change in the level of competition coming from athletes being paid. The most common argument is that by letting players receive additional money, less people would tune into these sporting events due to the professionalization of the sport. The narrative is that people enjoy the consumption of college athletics solely because of the amateurism aspect of it. The traditions linked with these acclaimed athletic programs along with the fact that it’s played by students, and not paid professionals, creates a higher demand for intercollegiate competition.
Cristian J. Santesteban and Keith B. Leffler argue in Assessing the Efficiency Justifications for the NCAA Player Compensation Restrictions, that the Olympic Games prove that thought process wrong, however. Until the 1980’s and 1990’s, professionals were not allowed to compete at the Olympics and the only money allowed to be earned by these athletes were for their traveling and time spent at training camps. Slowly, this began to change across all sports in the Olympics. Viewership saw either no change, or growth during these transitions. For example, the 1992 Olympics were the first to allow professional basketball players to compete at the games and earn money while competing. According to the NCAA’s logic, ticket demand and viewership should have gone down—it actually did the exact opposite, creating record numbers for both on-site turnout and television viewership. Similarly, professionals were allowed to compete in soccer at the Olympics in 1984, and the average attendance of games has risen 88% in that timeframe, with the 2012 Olympics having the highest average attendance in Olympic history. The same trend continues across the board for every Olympic sport that transitioned to allow athletes to profit. Therefore, there is no factual evidence to support that amateurism correlates with fan demand in sports.
Regardless of the many ill-informed counter arguments, the payment to players is simply the right thing to do. College athletics is one of the only “jobs” in the United States where one cannot profit off of their own hard work—and these “workers” happen to generate a lot of cash. Looking at just college basketball, the NCAA signed a $10.8 billion deal with CBS Sports and Turner Broadcasting in 2010 for just the NCAA Tournament, and was extended in 2016 for another $8.8 billion. Simply making the tournament is a payoff for the universities involved. If a team loses in the first round, the school still earns $1.7 million over the next six year spread following their appearance. Making it to the final adds up to about $8.3 million. For the “Cinderella” schools, that kind of revenue can add up to about 70% of the university’s average annual income.
The NCAA isn’t putting these student-athletes in a position for success either. There are many restrictions against these players for how much part-time work they are allowed to do, what type of work they can do, and how much money they can earn in a given period. On top of that, these players aren’t allowed to generate money from their own image or likeness.
In 2015, the University of Texas signed a $250 million deal with Nike for apparel sponsorship—it’s the third largest deal in NCAA history. Texas reproduced tens of thousands of jersey’s in local retail stores with the #4 on the back, which happened to be the number of Texas player and NBA prospect, Mo Bamba. People purchased those jersey’s knowing that even though Bamba’s name wasn’t on the back of it, that it still represented him. So while parents are spending money on these jersey’s for their children to pretend to be one of the best up-and-coming players in the United States, Bamba is not allowed to see any of that revenue from those jersey sales. The NCAA continues to tie the hands of college athletes behind their backs while they, along with their member institutions, take advantage and profit off of these athletes.
Times are changing, and with the monopoly that the NCAA is becoming, it is time that the primary providers of the NCAA’s revenue start benefiting. The NCAA’s definition of amateurism needs to be changed, because they are taking advantage of hard-working students who volunteer their time to play the sport they love at a very-high level. It’s time they reap the rewards, too.
Sources:
Berkowitz, Steve, and Jim Varney. “USA TODAY Sports.” USA Today, Gannett Satellite Information Network, sports.usatoday.com/ncaa/salaries/.
Casagrande, Michael. “Alabama Quietly Extended Nike Deal That Missed Gold Rush.” Al.com, Al.com, 8 Aug. 2018, www.al.com/alabamafootball/2018/08/alabama_quietly_extended_nike.html.
Parker, Tim. “What Does the NCAA Really Net from March Madness?” Investopedia, Investopedia, 12 Mar. 2019, www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/031516/how-much-does-ncaa-make-march-madness.asp.
Santesteban, Cristian J., and Keith B. Leffler. “Assessing the Efficiency Justifications for the NCAA Player Compensation Restrictions.” The Antitrust Bulletin, vol. 62, no. 1, 2017, pp. 91–111., doi:10.1177/0003603×16688838.
Vanderford, Ryan. “Pay-for-Play: An Age-Old Struggle for Appropriate Reform in a Changing Landscape Between Employer and Employee.” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law, vol. 24, no.3, Apr. 2015, pp. 805-838. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com.leo.lib.unomaha.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=110207684&site=ehost-live&scope=site.